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| | '''Girlfag''' (oder nach Uli Meyer ''„Schwule Frau“'' mit großem „S“<ref>[http://www.liminalis.de/artikel/Liminalis2007_meyer.pdf »„ALMOST HOMOSEXUAL“ - Schwule Frauen/ Schwule Transgender (GirlFags/Trans*Fags)«] ([[Portable Document Format|PDF]]) – ausführlicher Artikel von Uli Meyer in [http://www.liminalis.de liminalis.de] (2007)</ref>) ist der Ausdruck für Frauen, die sich besonders zu [[Schwul|schwulen]] bzw. zu [[Bisexualität|bisexuellen]] Männern hingezogen fühlen und/oder sich selbst als schwul definieren. Einige bezeichnen sich selbst als genderqueer oder fühlen sich ganz oder teilweise als „schwuler Mann im Körper einer Frau“. Girlfags können sowohl bisexuell als auch [[Heterosexualität|heterosexuell]] sein. |
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| '''Girlfag''' and '''guydyke''' are terms that developed in [[queer]] and [[pomosexual]] subcultures. '''Girlfag''' refers to a biologically female individual who feels a strong romantic or erotic attraction towards [[gay|gay males]] or male bisexuals or their [[Social environment|milieu]]. '''Guydyke''' refers to a biologically male person who feels a strong romantic or erotic attraction towards [[lesbians]], female [[bisexual]]s, or the culture of [[women who have sex with women|women loving women]].
| | Das Thema schwuler Frauen ist bisher auch in den [[Gender Studies]] selten untersucht worden und ist bisher vor allem in den USA seit den späten neunziger Jahren bekannt geworden. |
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| Sexual and/or romantic expression is pursued, or idealized as occuring, within these 'fag' cultures. Girlfags and guydykes might be attracted to other types of people as well, thus self-identification varies, be it sexually: as gay, lesbian, straight, [[bisexual|bi]], or [[pansexual]]; or [[Gender identity|genderwise]]: as men, women, [[Pangender|both]], or [[Genderqueer|neither]].<ref name="liminalis">http://www.liminalis.de/artikel/Liminalis2007_meyer.pdf p. 75 (German Language)</ref>
| | Girlfags unterscheiden sich von den so genannten [[Fag Hag|Faghags]], die ein rein platonisches Interesse an schwulen Männern bzw. der schwulen Subkultur haben. |
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| A girlfag might partly or wholly feel "like a gay man trapped in a woman's body".<ref name="noshame">Moser, Charles: Health Care Without Shame: A Handbook for the Sexually Diverse and Their Caregivers. Greenery Press, 2008</ref><ref name="girlfagsfaq">http://www.girlfags.com/faq.html</ref> As girlfags feel a strong attraction to gay men/[[men who have sex with men|msm]] and to male-[[LGBT|GBQ]] culture for its own sake, they have no interest in “turning gay men straight”.
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| In a similar way to a girlfag's identification as a gay man, guydykes experience lesbian feelings and are commonly refered to as '''lesbian-identified men''' or '''lesbian men''', even though not all share the [[Gender identity#Gender identity and sex|gender identity]] ''‘man’''. A male that is lesbian-identified feels a strong romantic or erotic attraction towards lesbian/bisexual females and prefers to behave as, and be treated equally to, a female lesbian. Their self-conception of being partially or fully “a lesbian in a man’s body” is comparable to that of girlfags.<ref name="liminalis" /><ref name="girlfagsfaq" />
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| == Usage and related terms ==
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| The concept of '''girlfags''' is known to queer subcultures since authors like [[Carol Queen]] and [[Jill Nagle]] came out as gay-male identified woman in the late 1990s.<ref>Queen, Carol “Beyond the Valley of Fag Hags”; Nagle, Jill “Stroking my Inner Faggot”; in: Queen, Carol u. Schimel, Laurence [Hrsg.] (1997) PoMosexuals. USA: Cleis Press</ref> The term girlfag had been coined for this phenomenon by Jill Nagle, before the GirlFags Discussion Group on YahooGroups was founded in 2000. Since then, the group has gained more than 3000 members and the concept of girlfags became more known.<ref>Meyer, Uli „Almost Homosexual – Schwule Frauen, Schwule Trans*Gender (GirlFags/Trans*Fags)“ http://www.liminalis.de/artikel/Liminalis2007_meyer.pdf; Jill Nagle, "MANLY, YES, BUT I LIKE IT TOO: A self-described 'girlfag' reveals the truth behind her yen for sex with gay men", BUST Magazine, Summer 2003.</ref> Today, there are resources and groups for girlfags internationally.<ref>http://www.girlfags.com</ref><ref name="girlfags_de">http://girlfags.chapso.de</ref>
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| The term '''[[fag hag]]''' refers primarily to women who are platonically interested in gay men. It is also used in a derogatory way to describe women who experience romantic and sexual interest in gay men. However, this is usually characterised as a [[heteronormativity|heterosexual]] woman's attempt to convince a homosexual man that he is in fact heterosexual himself or at least heterosexual enough to begin an intimate relationship with a heterosexual woman.<ref>Bagemihl, Bruce (1997). “Surrogate Phonology and Transsexual Faggotry: A Linguistic Analogy for Uncoupling Sexual Orientation from Gender Identity”. In: Livia, Anna, and Hall, Kira [Ed.](1997). Queerly Phrased, Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press; Moon, Dawne (1995) Insult and Inclusion: The Term Fag Hag and Gay Male Community. Social Forces, University of North Carolina Press. http://www.jstor.org/pss/2580489</ref>
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| Girlfags, in contrast, don't deny gay men's sexual orientation. In fact, their [[homosexuality]] is the particular feature which is of interest to girlfags. They don't expect gay men to become heterosexual, but they rather expect to be seen, partly or wholly, as gay men themselves. The attitude of girlfags towards relationships is not comparable to that of male-female heterosexual relationships. Instead, they focus, for instance, on sexual activities which are associated with male homosexuality or prefer [[polyamorous]] situations with more than one gay/bisexual male partner.<ref name="liminalis" /><ref name="girlfags_de" />
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| As many girlfags identify “as a gay man trapped in a woman’s body”, the term is also connected to '''[[transfag]]''', or to female-to-gay-male transsexual.<ref>http://groups.yahoo.com/group/GirlFags/</ref>
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| It has also been suggested by the popular yaoi-style novelist [[Sakakibara Shihomi]], that some [[fujoshi]], or female fans of [[yaoi]] might be gay male identified: “In her book Yaoi genron (1998), Sakakibara Shihomi […] describes herself as a gay man in a woman's body (a "female-to-male gay" transsexual). S/he suggests that this condition may be quite common among fans of this genre and may in fact be the reason for its existence.”<ref>[[Matt Thorn|Matthew Thorn]]: “Girls And Women Getting Out Of Hand: The Pleasure And Politics Of Japan's Amateur Comics Community,” (2004), 185 F 4, http://matt-thorn.com/shoujo_manga/outofhand/index.php#back8 (accessed August 10, 2009); Meyer, Uli: “Hidden in Straight Sight – Transgressing Gender and Sexuality via BL” in: [[Dru Pagliasotti|Pagliasotti]], McHarry, Girls Doing Boys Doing Boys: Japanese Boys’ Love Anime and Manga in a Globalized World, McFarland & Company (in print)</ref>
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| Bagemihl has shown that there are some similarities between [[fag hag]]s, female-to-gay-male transsexuals and female fans of [[slash fiction|slash]], another form of gay male erotica by women for women, that has been compared to [[yaoi]]: “There is nothing new about women identifying as gay men or eroticising and idealizing sexual relationships between men. In fact, striking parallels to the sentiments expressed by many female-to-gay male transsexuals can be found in two unlikely areas: 'fag-hagging' and [[Kirk/Spock|K/S]] [Kirk/Spock] “slash” fanzines.”<ref> Bagemihl, Bruce (1997). “Surrogate Phonology and Transsexual Faggotry: A Linguistic Analogy for Uncoupling Sexual Orientation from Gender Identity”. In: Livia, Anna, and Hall, Kira [Ed.](1997). Queerly Phrased, Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 386</ref>
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| If that is the case, the terms fujoshi, slash fan, and girlfag might describe related phenomena.<ref> http://ashenwings.com/marks/2009/04/14/are-women-who-drawread-yaoi-girlfags/ ; Meyer, Uli “Hidden in Straight Sight – Transgressing Gender and Sexuality via BL” in: Levi, McHarry, Pagliasotti: Girls Doing Boys Doing Boys: Japanese Boys’ Love Anime and Manga in a Globalized World, McFarland & Company. (in print)</ref>
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| == Female-to-gay-male desire in literature and science ==
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| There have been several female authors who have specialized on gay male fiction, e.g. [[Mary Renault]]. Some, like [[Poppy Z. Brite]], have remarked that they use literature as a means to express a gay male gender identification.<ref>Brite, Poppy Z. (1998) “Enough Rope” in: Tuttle, Lisa [Ed.] Crossing the Border: Tales of Erotic Ambiguity. USA: Indigo Books; http://www.poppyzbrite.com/rope.html</ref>
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| Queer studies scholar [[Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick]] has written extensively about her gay male identification and relationships with gay men, and has stated it as an important motivation for her work:
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| “Probably my own most formative influence from quite an early age has been a viscerally intense, highly speculative (not to say inventive) cross-identification with gay men and gay male cultures as I inferred, imagined, and later came to know them.”<ref>Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky (1993): Tendencies. USA: Duke University Press , p. 14; Meyer, Uli: “Hidden in Straight Sight – Transgressing Gender and Sexuality via BL” in: Levi, McHarry, Pagliasotti: Girls Doing Boys Doing Boys: Japanese Boys’ Love Anime and Manga in a Globalized World, McFarland & Company. (in print); Meyer, Uli: „Almost Homosexual – Schwule Frauen, Schwule Trans*Gender (GirlFags/Trans*Fags)“ http://www.liminalis.de/artikel/Liminalis2007_meyer.pdf</ref>
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| == Male-to-lesbian-female desire ==
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| The concept of lesbian men became known to a general audience when during season 1 of the American and Canadian co-production television drama series [[The L Word]] a lesbian-identified man called Lisa had a short relationship with a female lesbian.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_characters_from_The_L_Word ; http://www.thelwordonline.com/synopsis_ep7.shtml ; http://www.thelword-online.de/?s=charaktere&name=Lisa</ref>
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| Another example for a lesbian man in popular fiction is Stuart ("Stu") from the comic strip [[Dykes to Watch Out For]] by [[Alison Bechdel]]. Although Stu is biologically male, he is described as "more stereotypically lesbian than many lesbians" and is in a long-term intimate relationship with a female lesbian.<ref>http://dykestowatchoutfor.com/cast-biographies</ref>
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| In queer subcultures a lesbian-identified male is called '''guydyke'''.<ref name="noshame" /><ref name="girlfagsfaq" /> This term was coined in about 2001 as an equivalent to girlfag.<ref>http://www.queerbychoice.com/clare.html</ref> Both subcultures show solidarity with each other, due to the similarities of both phenomena. While guydykes often participate in girlfag forums and groups, so far there is only one forum for guydykes (in German).<ref>http://guydykes.funpic.de</ref>
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| == Literature ==
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| * Brite, Poppy Z. (1998) “Enough Rope” in: Tuttle, Lisa [Ed.] Crossing the Border: Tales of Erotic Ambiguity. USA: Indigo Books; http://www.poppyzbrite.com/rope.html
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| * [[Carol Queen|Queen, Carol]] u. Schimel, Laurence [Ed.]: PoMosexuals. USA: Cleis Press (1997).
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| * Meyer, Uli: "ALMOST HOMOSEXUAL" – Schwule Frauen/ Schwule Transgender (GirlFags/Trans*Fags): http://www.liminalis.de/artikel/Liminalis2007_meyer.pdf
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| * Meyer, Uli: “Hidden in Straight Sight – Transgressing Gender and Sexuality via Boys Love” in: Levi, McHarry, Pagliasotti: Girls Doing Boys Doing Boys: Japanese Boys’ Love Anime and Manga in a Globalized World, McFarland & Company. (in print).
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| * Nagle, Jill: "MANLY, YES, BUT I LIKE IT TOO: A self-described 'girlfag' reveals the truth behind her yen for sex with gay men", ''BUST Magazine'', Summer 2003
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| * Rampling, Clare T.: "Who's that girlfag?" ''BUST Magazine'', Summer 2003, p. 65
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| * [[Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick|Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky]] (1993): Tendencies. USA: Duke University Press.
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| * currently [[Janet Hardy|Janet W. Hardy]], coauthor of "[[Ethical slut|The Ethical Slut]]", is nearing completion of a memoir called "Girlfag: A Life Told In Sex and Musicals". see also: http://www.janetwhardy.com/
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| == See also ==
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| *[[Androgyny]]
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| *[[Boi (gender)|Boi]]
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| *[[Fag Hag]]
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| *[[Pomosexuality]]
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| *[[Queer]]
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| *[[Tomboy]]
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| *[[Transfag]]
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| *[[Yaoi]]
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| == References ==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| == External links ==
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| *http://www.girlfags.com | | *http://www.girlfags.com |
| *[http://community.livejournal.com/girlfags/ The GirlFags Community at LifeJournal.com] | | *http://girlfags.chapso.de |
| *[http://www.medicinefilms.com/pill/185836 Appearance of three girlfags] on [[The Tyra Banks Show]]
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| *[http://girlfags.chapso.de http://girlfags.chapso.de]: German homepage about GirlFags
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| *[http://maedchenmannschaft.net/weiblich-und-schwul/#more-3111 Interview with a GirlFag (German)]
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| *[http://guydykes.funpic.de/ German homepage about guydykes]
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| {{Gender-stub}}
| | == Einzelnachweise == |
| | <references/> |
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| [[Category:Gender]] | | [[Kategorie:Transgender]] |
| [[Category:Gender studies]]
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| [[Category:Genderqueer]]
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| [[Category:Transgender people and behavior]]
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| [[Category:LGBT terms]]
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| [[de:Girlfag]] | | [[en:Girlfags and guydykes]] |